Centella asiatica

Phytochemical Composition

The pharmacological activity of Centella asiatica is primarily attributed to its triterpenoid saponins, along with flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Key constituents include:

• Asiaticoside

• Madecassoside

• Asiatic acid

• Madecassic acid

• Flavonoids and polyphenols

These triterpenoids are considered the main bioactive compounds and are commonly used as markers for extract standardization.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874120330397

Antioxidant & Cellular Effects

Experimental studies demonstrate that Centella asiatica exhibits antioxidant and cytoprotective activity, including reduction of oxidative stress markers and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses.
These effects contribute to cellular resilience in neural, dermal, and vascular tissues, particularly under conditions of oxidative or inflammatory stress.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6213179/

Physiological & Systemic Research

Research on Centella asiatica has focused heavily on neurological, vascular, and connective tissue systems. Preclinical and limited clinical studies suggest benefits related to cognitive performance, microcirculation, and endothelial function.
In dermatological research, triterpenoids have been shown to influence collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix remodeling, supporting wound healing and skin barrier integrity.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.00463/full

Anti-Inflammatory & Neuroprotective Activity

Centella asiatica demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of cytokine signaling and oxidative inflammatory pathways.
Neuroprotective studies indicate potential benefits against neuroinflammation and oxidative neuronal damage, aligning with its traditional use for mental clarity and nervous system balance.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38814535/

Safety & Toxicological Profile

Traditional use and modern evaluations suggest that Centella asiatica is generally well tolerated when used within customary ranges. Toxicological assessments report a favorable safety profile, though rare cases of hepatotoxicity have been associated with concentrated extracts, emphasizing the importance of quality control and moderation.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30206255/

Overview

Centella asiatica, commonly known as Gotu Kola, is a creeping perennial herb used extensively in Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese, and Southeast Asian medicine. It has long been associated with cognitive function, circulation, connective tissue integrity, and skin health, and is traditionally classified as a Medhya Rasayana (cognition-supportive rejuvenative).
The leaves and aerial parts are the primary medicinal components used in both traditional preparations and modern research.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5452224/

Usage

Traditionally, the fresh or dried leaves are prepared as powders, infusions, or extracts and used to support cognition, circulation, and connective tissue health.

References

• Journal of Ethnopharmacology

• Frontiers in Pharmacology

• Phytotherapy Research

• National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)